.preload * {
  transition: none;
}

@font-face {
  font-family: "Newsreader";
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 200 800;
  font-display: block;
  src: url("/fonts/Newsreader.woff2") format("woff2");
}

@font-face {
  font-family: "Newsreader";
  font-style: italic;
  font-weight: 200 800;
  font-display: block;
  src: url("/fonts/Newsreader-italic.woff2") format("woff2");
}

:root {
  --bg-color: #f0efea;
  --text-color: #141413;
  --border-color: #e6e4dd;
  --footnote-bg-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
  --footnote-hover-bg-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
  --tooltip-bg-color: #f9f9f9;
  --tooltip-text-color: #333;
  --tooltip-shadow-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
  --highlight-color: rgba(137, 137, 222, 0.3);
  --font-size-base: 20px;
  --content-max-width: 620px;
  --content-padding: 0 20px;
  --focus-color: #0066cc;
  --toc-header-color: #141413;
  --subscribe-form-bg: transparent;
  --subscribe-form-text: #141413;
  --subscribe-button-bg: #141413;
  --subscribe-button-text: #f0efea;
  --invert-percentage: 0%;
  --toc-bg-color: rgba(240, 239, 234, 0.8);
}

body,
.toc-container {
  transition:
    background-color 0.2s,
    color 0.2s;
}

/* Dark Mode Variables */
.dark-mode {
  --bg-color: #141413;
  --text-color: #f0efea;
  --border-color: #444;
  --footnote-bg-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
  --footnote-hover-bg-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4);
  --tooltip-bg-color: #2a2a2a;
  --tooltip-text-color: #f0f0f0;
  --tooltip-shadow-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
  --toc-header-color: #f0efea;
  --subscribe-form-bg: transparent;
  --subscribe-form-text: #f0efea;
  --subscribe-button-bg: #f0efea;
  --subscribe-button-text: #141413;
  --invert-percentage: 100%;
  --toc-bg-color: rgba(20, 20, 19, 0.8);
}
/* Dark Mode Init - No Animation */
.dark-mode-init .toggle-slider {
  transition: none !important;
}

.dark-mode-init .toggle-input:checked + .toggle-label .toggle-slider {
  transform: translateX(20px);
}

.animations-enabled .toggle-slider {
  transition: transform 0.2s ease;
}

.dark-mode .toggle-input:checked + .toggle-label {
  background-color: var(--text-color);
}

.dark-mode .toggle-input:checked + .toggle-label .toggle-slider {
  transform: translateX(20px);
  background-color: var(--bg-color);
}

/* Global Styles */
html,
body {
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

body {
  font-family: "Newsreader", serif;
  font-size: var(--font-size-base);
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--text-color);
  background-color: var(--bg-color);
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  transition:
    background-color 0.2s ease,
    color 0.2s ease;
}

a {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-decoration-thickness: 1.5px;
  text-underline-offset: 2px;
}

ul {
  padding-left: 20px;
}

ol {
  padding-left: 20px;
}

li {
  margin-bottom: 0.8em;
}

strong {
  font-weight: 600;
}

p.intro {
  margin-top: 0.5em;
}

/* Layout */
.content-wrapper,
header > div {
  max-width: var(--content-max-width);
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  padding: var(--content-padding);
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

@media (min-width: 1076px) {
  body.has-toc .content-wrapper,
  body.has-toc header > div {
    max-width: var(--content-max-width);
    padding-left: 20px;
    padding-right: 20px;
    margin-left: auto;
    margin-right: auto;
  }

  .toc-container {
    left: calc(50% - (var(--content-max-width) / 2) - 270px);
  }
}

/* Header Styles */
header {
  background-color: var(--bg-color);
  padding-bottom: 10px;
  margin-top: 20px;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  transition: background-color 0.2s;
}

header > div {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  position: relative;
  padding: 0 12px;
  min-height: 44px; /* Add this */
}

header h1,
header h1 a {
  font-family: "Newsreader", serif;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 1.2em;
  line-height: 44px;
  margin: 0;
  white-space: nowrap;
  overflow: hidden;
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
  width: 250px;
  padding-top: 2px;
}

header h1 a {
  text-decoration: none;
  color: inherit;
}

header h1 a:hover {
  text-decoration: none;
}

/* Header Controls */
.header-controls {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 12px;
  opacity: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
  transition: opacity 0.2s ease;
}

html.js-loaded .header-controls {
  opacity: 1;
  pointer-events: auto;
}

/* TOC toggle visibility rules */
body:not(.has-toc) #tocToggle {
  display: none !important;
}

/* Dark mode toggle visibility rules */
@media (max-width: 1076px) {
  /* Show dark mode toggle on index page (no TOC) */
  body:not(.has-toc) .header-controls .toggle-switch {
    display: flex !important;
  }

  /* Hide dark mode toggle on article pages unless TOC is visible */
  body.has-toc .header-controls .toggle-switch {
    display: none;
  }

  body.has-toc.toc-visible .header-controls .toggle-switch {
    display: flex !important;
  }
}
/* Ensure the toggle switch stays properly aligned when TOC is hidden */
.header-controls .toggle-switch {
  margin-left: 0;
}

.header-controls .toggle-switch,
.header-controls #tocToggle {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}

/* Mobile adjustments */
@media (max-width: 1076px) {
  body:not(.has-toc) .header-controls {
    width: auto;
  }

  /* Hide toggle switch by default on mobile */
  .header-controls .toggle-switch {
    display: none;
  }

  /* Show toggle switch when TOC is visible */
  body.toc-visible .header-controls .toggle-switch {
    display: flex;
    margin-right: auto;
  }
}

/* Toggle Switch Styles */
.toggle-switch {
  position: relative;
  width: 40px;
  height: 20px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  margin-left: 0;
}

.toggle-input {
  opacity: 0;
  width: 0;
  height: 0;
}

.toggle-label {
  position: absolute;
  cursor: pointer;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  background-color: var(--bg-color);
  transition:
    background-color 0.2s ease,
    border-color 0.2s ease;
  border-radius: 34px;
  border: 1px solid var(--text-color);
}

.toggle-slider {
  position: absolute;
  content: "";
  height: 14px;
  width: 14px;
  left: 2px;
  bottom: 2px;
  background-color: var(--text-color);
  transition:
    transform 0.2s ease,
    background-color 0.2s ease;
  border-radius: 50%;
}

.toggle-input:checked + .toggle-label {
  background-color: var(--text-color);
}

.toggle-input:checked + .toggle-label .toggle-slider {
  transform: translateX(20px);
  background-color: var(--bg-color);
}

.no-animate .toggle-slider {
  transition: none;
}

.no-animate .toggle-label {
  transition: none;
}

/* Typography */
h1,
h2,
h3,
.author-date,
.mobile-toc-link,
.toc-container h2 {
  font-family: "Newsreader", serif;
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

h1 {
  font-size: 3em;
  margin-top: 1em;
  margin-bottom: 0em;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.1;
}

h2 {
  font-size: 1.6em;
  margin-top: 1em;
  margin-bottom: 0.5em;
  font-weight: 600;
}

h3 {
  font-size: 1.2em;
  margin-top: 1em;
  margin-bottom: 0.5em;
  font-weight: 600;
}

h4 {
  font-size: 1.1em;
  margin-top: 0.5em;
  margin-bottom: 0.5em;
  font-weight: 400;
  font-style: italic;
}

center {
  margin-top: 0.5em;
}

/* Mobile Typography */
@media (max-width: 1076px) {
  h1 {
    font-size: 2.4em;
  }

  h2 {
    font-size: 1.6em;
  }

  h3 {
    font-size: 1.2em;
  }
}

.author-date {
  font-weight: 400;
  font-size: 0.9em;
  color: #767676;
  margin-top: 2em;
  margin-bottom: 0em;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.mobile-toc-link,
.toc-container h2 {
  font-size: 1.2em;
  padding: 130px 20px 30px;
  font-weight: 600;
}

hr {
  border: none;
}
hr:after {
  content: "\2042";
  display: block;
  font-family: serif;
  font-weight: 200;
  font-size: 1.5em;
  margin: 1em auto;
  text-align: center;
}

@media (min-width: 1400px) {
  .content-wrapper,
  header > div {
    max-width: 800px;
  }
}

/* Table of Contents Styles */
.toc-container {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 400px;
  height: 100vh;
  overflow-y: auto;
  transition:
    transform 0.2s ease,
    opacity 0.2s ease,
    background-color 0.2s ease,
    border-color 0.2s ease;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  z-index: 1000;
  padding: 5px;
}

.toc-container h2 {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 130px 20px 30px;
  color: var(--toc-header-color);
  font-size: 1.2em;
  font-weight: 600;
  transition: color 0.2s ease;
}

#tocList {
  list-style-type: none;
  padding: 0 20px 20px;
  margin: 0;
  font-family: "Newsreader", serif;
  font-weight: 400;
}

#tocList li {
  margin-bottom: 0.5em;
}

#tocList a {
  display: block;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: var(--text-color);
  opacity: 0.8;
  -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;
  transition:
    opacity 0.2s ease,
    color 0.2s ease;
}

#tocList a:focus {
  opacity: 1;
}

#tocList a.active {
  opacity: 1;
}

/* Desktop Styles */
@media (min-width: 1076px) {
  /* Content width for all pages */
  .content-wrapper,
  header > div {
    max-width: var(--content-max-width);
    padding-left: 20px;
    padding-right: 20px;
    margin-left: auto;
    margin-right: auto;
  }

  /* TOC container styles */
  .toc-container {
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 375px;
    height: 100vh;
    overflow-y: auto;
    transition:
      opacity 0.3s ease,
      visibility 0.3s ease,
      background-color 0.2s ease,
      border-color 0.2s ease;
    box-sizing: border-box;
    z-index: 1000;
    padding: 5px;
    backdrop-filter: blur(5px);
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(5px);
    background-color: var(--toc-bg-color);
    opacity: 1;
    visibility: visible;
  }

  body.toc-hidden .toc-container {
    opacity: 0;
    visibility: hidden;
    pointer-events: none;
  }

  /* TOC toggle button */
  #tocToggle {
    position: fixed;
    left: 12px;
    top: 22px;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    height: 44px;
    width: 44px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    background: none;
    border: none;
    cursor: pointer;
    color: var(--text-color);
    z-index: 1001;
  }

  #tocToggle svg {
    width: 24px;
    height: 24px;
  }

  header > div {
    position: relative;
  }
}

/* Mobile Styles */
@media (max-width: 1075px) {
  /* General mobile styles (phones) */
  .content-wrapper,
  header > div {
    max-width: 95%;
    padding: 0 10px;
  }
  /* Tablet styles */
  @media (min-width: 512px) {
    .content-wrapper,
    header > div {
      max-width: 80%;
    }
  }
  /* Reset fixed positioning for mobile */
  #tocToggle {
    position: static;
    margin-left: auto;
    padding: 0;
    height: 44px;
    width: 44px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    background: none;
    border: none;
    cursor: pointer;
    color: var(--text-color);
    font-size: 26px;
    font-family: "Newsreader", serif;
    font-weight: 600;
    left: auto;
    top: auto;
  }
  #tocList a {
    display: block;
    text-decoration: none;
    color: var(--text-color);
    opacity: 1;
    -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;
    transition:
      opacity 0.2s ease,
      color 0.2s ease;
  }
  .header-controls {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: flex-end;
    margin-left: 5px;
    width: auto;
  }
  /* Hide toggle switch by default on mobile */
  .header-controls .toggle-switch {
    display: none;
  }
  /* When TOC is visible */
  body.toc-visible .header-controls {
    position: fixed;
    top: 22px;
    left: 20px;
    right: 20px;
    z-index: 1002;
  }
  body.toc-visible .header-controls .toggle-switch {
    display: flex;
    margin-right: auto;
  }
  body.toc-visible #tocToggle {
    margin-left: auto;
    font-size: 36px;
  }
  /* TOC container mobile styles */
  .toc-container {
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100vh;
    background-color: var(--bg-color);
    z-index: 1000;
    overflow-y: auto;
    display: none;
  }
  body.toc-visible .toc-container {
    display: block;
  }
  .toc-container h2 {
    padding: 130px 20px 40px;
    font-size: 1.6em;
  }
}

/* Footnote Styles */
.footnotes {
  margin-top: 25px;
}

.footnotes-list {
  list-style-type: none;
  padding-left: 0;
  counter-reset: footnote;
}

.footnote-item {
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  position: relative;
  padding-left: 0;
  display: block;
}

.footnote-item p sup[id^="fnref"] {
  vertical-align: super;
  font-size: 0.75em;
  line-height: 0;
}

.footnote-item sup {
  margin-right: 4px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 500;
}

sup[id^="fnref"] a {
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: inherit;
  padding: 3px 3px 1px;
  margin: 0 2px;
  border-radius: 4px;
  background-color: var(--footnote-bg-color);
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}

sup[id^="fnref"] a:hover,
sup[id^="fnref"] a:focus {
  background-color: var(--footnote-hover-bg-color);
}

.footnote-backref {
  text-decoration: none;
  color: inherit;
  font-size: 0.75em;
  vertical-align: middle;
  line-height: 0;
  margin-left: 2px;
}

.footnote-backref:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.footnote-tooltip {
  position: absolute;
  background-color: var(--tooltip-bg-color);
  color: var(--tooltip-text-color);
  padding: 20px;
  border-radius: 4px;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px var(--tooltip-shadow-color);
  max-width: 400px;
  z-index: 1000;
  font-size: 17px;
  line-height: 1.5;
  pointer-events: auto;
}

.footnote-tooltip p {
  margin: 0 0 8px 0;
  display: block;
  align-items: flex-start;
}

.footnote-tooltip p:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.footnote-tooltip sup {
  margin-right: 4px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.footnote-tooltip a {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Footer Styles */
footer {
  margin-top: 0px;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  padding: 20px 0;
  background-color: var(--bg-color);
  transition: background-color 0.2s ease;
}

.back-to-top {
  text-align: center;
  cursor: pointer;
  font-weight: 400;
  color: var(--text-color);
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.privacy-policy-link {
  text-align: center;
  margin-top: 10px;
  font-size: 0.8em;
}

.privacy-policy-link a {
  color: var(--text-color);
  text-decoration: none;
  opacity: 0.7;
  transition: opacity 0.2s ease;
}

.privacy-policy-link a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
  opacity: 1;
}

/* Subscribe Form Styles */
.subscribe-form-container {
  margin-top: 20px;
  max-width: 400px;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
}

.subscribe-form {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  width: 100%;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.subscribe-form .email-input {
  width: 100%;
  padding: 10px;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  border: 2px solid var(--border-color);
  border-radius: 4px;
  font-size: var(--font-size-base);
  background-color: var(--bg-color);
  color: var(--subscribe-form-text);
  box-sizing: border-box;
  font-family: inherit;
}

.subscribe-form .submit-button {
  width: 100%;
  padding: 15px 10px;
  background-color: var(--subscribe-button-bg);
  color: var(--subscribe-button-text);
  border: none;
  border-radius: 4px;
  font-size: var(--font-size-base);
  font-weight: 400;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: opacity 0.2s ease;
  font-family: inherit;
}

.subscribe-form .submit-button:hover {
  opacity: 0.85;
}

#formMessage {
  text-align: center;
  margin-top: 10px;
  font-weight: 400;
  font-style: italic;
  width: 100%;
}